Many 18th century books or newspapers have curious long s, and ligatures.
Long s is used where s occurred in the middle or at the beginning of a word, except that in the combination sf a short s is used instead.
long-s |
Long s is derived from Roman cursive medial s, so it is also called medial s.
The long s has a f-like nub at its middle, but on the left side only, thus many OCR (Optical Character Recognition) technology misread the long-s as an "f".
There was no nub in its italic typeform, which gave the stroke a descender curling to the left, thus it is also called descending s.
Long-s Italic typeform |
The character c in quaint ligature ct looks like Greek letter epsilon, or a French cedila on head of c.
ct ligature |
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